LVCT responds to vulnerabilities, cognizant that they are drivers of risk. Populations that are hard to reach and/or have special needs due to social, legal, physiological and structural barriers are often vulnerable and thus susceptible to HIV risk. LVCT utilizes a 4-pillared intervention module that has demonstrated success:

1. Technical assistance to GoK and partners for policy reforms and responsive service delivery:
2. Capacity development for peer-led organizing for voice and visibility in policy advocacy and mobilization for service uptake
3. Direct service delivery for HIV testing and counselling, care and treatment: mutual identification of strategic and practical SRHR needs.
4. On-going operational research informs programme gaps, supports policy reforms advocacy and add to new knowledge.

MSM and prison populations account for 15.2% of new infections, are hidden populations with limited access to HIV information and services. LVCT’s provided technical assistance to NACC in the inclusion of MSM into the Kenya National Strategic Plan III, the National Plan of Operations and the M & E framework. LVCT’s MSM support groups with over 80 members have facilitated uptake of HTC by 8,000 MSM and training sensitivity training has been delivered to 65 providers, providing care and treatment to 800 MSM. In collaboration with the Kenya Prisons Service, LVCT supported the development of the Prisons HIV policy and has tested 7,000 inmates and established 4 prisons post test clubs. Research informs services and policy reforms advocacy 

HIV prevention interventions targeting the Youth are few and under-resourced (<5% of HIV resources). Uptake of treatment services is minimal with limited access to sexuality, reproductive health and HIV/AIDS information and peer-led friendly services. The award winning (Y-PEER INNOVATOR AWARD FOR ENHANCING YOUTH PEER EDUCTION) LVCT one2one youth toll free tele-counselling service provides information on sexual reproductive health, sexuality and HIV/AIDS to 30,000 annually. Mobile phone technology as a platform for bulk short messaging services (sms) reaches 20,000 youth annually. 4 Regional Youth Advisory Councils guide programme development mobilize the uptake of testing by 120,000 youth annually and 6 support groups of HIV positive youth ensure uptake of HIV care and treatment 118 by youth.

Survivors of sexual violence are at high risk of HIV infection. 29% women, upto 24% adolescent girls and up to 11% boys experience coerced or forced sex in their first and subsequent encounters. Post rape care service sites are few and medico-legal linkages poor. The LVCT post rape care programme has trained 450 clinicians and nurse and 120 counsellors who have provided clinical evaluation and legal documentation, HIV post exposure prophylaxis and pregnancy and STI prevention and counselling for trauma and PEP adherence to 9,500 survivors in 19 integrated post rape care sites in Kenya including the Kenyatta National Referral Hospital gender violence recovery centre. LVCT research informed the development of national guidelines on the medical management of rape and training curricular by the Division of Reproductive Health

5% (1.7 million) Kenyans are living with disability the highest number being from Nyanza province which also has the highest prevalence in Kenya. While vulnerable, risk data is lacking. Access to information and uptake of services is below the national average. The LVCT Disability programme has facilitated HTC uptake by 14,000 PWDs and developed a signs for Sexuality and Reproductive Health Manual that provides a platform for strengthened service delivery by providers complementing 45 providers in sign language on Disability and HIV informs programming.